review
saade malekasgar; Mohammad Ali Mazaheri; Ladan Fata; Fereshte Mootabi; mahmood heidari
Abstract
Objective: Extramarita relations are among the main problems in the relationships of married couples that can resultin psychological disorders, tensions between couples, and even physical problems in people involved. The risk ofcontracting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, is high among ...
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Objective: Extramarita relations are among the main problems in the relationships of married couples that can resultin psychological disorders, tensions between couples, and even physical problems in people involved. The risk ofcontracting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, is high among the people who have extramaritalrelations. A large number of studies have addressed this issue, but there is no consistency in the results, and no researchhas reviewed them systematically. This study aims to depict a comprehensive image of the relationship betweenextramarital relationships and contracting HIV/AIDS.Method: This systematic review will be conducted using Pubmed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest,Web of Science, and Google Scholar, as well as the grey literature with no restriction regarding the language. All types ofstudies investigated the relationship between extramarital relations and HIV/AIDS will be included. The population of thestudy will be considered the people more than 18 years old with extramarital relationships in their lives at the time of researchor before. Two independent reviewers will perform the study selection and data extraction. The assessment of the risk of bias will be implemented using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plots, Begg’s, and Egger’s tests. Heterogeneity will be evaluated using the I2 statistic and the χ2 test. Also, we will conduct subgroup analyses for the population and all Meta-analyses will be performed using Stata V.13 software.Conclusion: The findings will revealed a comprehensive picture of the relation between extramarital relationshipsand HIV/AIDS that can improve policy decisions, leading to a reduction and providing improved special services forindividuals, couples, and families, and society who faced this problem.
research
Afsaneh Dortaj; Mahnaz Aliakbari Dehkordi; Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) therapy on distress tolerance, pain perception, and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest, ...
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) therapy on distress tolerance, pain perception, and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest, follow-up, and control group. The statistical population included all female patients with relapsing-remitting MS who had been referred to Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Research Centers of Tehran Medical Sciences University. Among them, 20 patients were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental (10 patients) and control groups (10 patients). The experimental group received the CBSM. Participants completed the research scales. To measure IL-12, the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test.Results: CBSM increased the distress tolerance and components of pain perception (perceived influence of important people and doing daily affairs) (p<0.001) and decreased pain severity and IL-12. Also, these changes remained stable during follow-up.Conclusions: CBSM is effective on distress tolerance, pain perception, and IL-12 in MS patients.
research
Ladan Esmalian khamseh; Mahmood Nodargahfard; Mehdi Asadi Mofarah
Abstract
Objective:: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, the contracting of which causes numerousphysical, psychological, and social consequences. However, there are a number of defense mechanisms humanspossess, which are responsible for protecting an individual against the stress, anxieties, ...
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Objective:: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, the contracting of which causes numerousphysical, psychological, and social consequences. However, there are a number of defense mechanisms humanspossess, which are responsible for protecting an individual against the stress, anxieties, and pressures of everyday life.Accordingly, the present study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the comparison of defense mechanismsin a group of women with temporal lobe epilepsy against a non-clinical group of females.Methods:The research design of the present study was based on a causal-comparative case study. The statisticalpopulation of the study consisted of all epileptic women and their normal counterparts who had referred to ImamHossein Hospital in Tehran during the first half of 2019. The sample population included 40 female patients alreadydiagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy by neurologists through electroencephalography who were randomlyselected and compared to their 40 normal counterparts. The two studied groups were similar in terms of age, education,and marital status. Research data were gathered using the Andrews Defense Mechanism Questionnaire (DSQ40) andanalyzed by the SPSS24 software program employing multivariate statistical analysis of variance.Results: There was a significant difference (p <0.05) between the defense mechanism used in epileptic women andhealthy women.Conclusion: It can be concluded that women with epilepsy have different defense mechanisms and are more likelyto use immature mechanisms and neurotic defense mechanisms (only in terms of False Altruism) when compared tonormal women
research
seyed mohsen nemati; mohammad narimani; fatemeh ghannadiasl; goudarz sadeghi-hashjin
Abstract
Objective: The study was aimed to compare the Training Package (SMN) and low-calorie diet (LCD) on psychological distress and weight in overweight individuals due to decreased adherence different diets.Method: In this clinical trial, the population consisted of all overweight individuals referring to ...
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Objective: The study was aimed to compare the Training Package (SMN) and low-calorie diet (LCD) on psychological distress and weight in overweight individuals due to decreased adherence different diets.Method: In this clinical trial, the population consisted of all overweight individuals referring to the nutrition clinic of Ardabil in the northwest of Iran. The research was conducted from Oct 2018 to March 2018. For this aim, 30 healthy women (BMI >25 kg/m2, age: 18-30 years) were randomly selected (for each group: 15 subjects). After Anthropometric measurement, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire was completed before and after intervention among these persons. The repeated measures of ANOVA have been used for the analysis.Results: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between two groups of Training Package (smn) and LCD and the SMN effect on depression, anxiety, stress, and weight variables is greater than the effect of LCD (P<0.05). The series of multiple replications the ANOVA analysis showed that Training Package is a good cure for weight loss.Conclusion: The results showed that the effect of Training Package (SMN) intervention on depression, anxiety, stress, and weight loss was more than the effect of LCD. Therefore, this method can be used as a treatment method for weight loss and psychological distress in obese individuals.
review
Mohadeseh Kako Joibari; mohammad oraki; hossein zare; Ahmad Alipour
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on neurocognitive performance in people with mild neurocognitive impairment. Using meta-analysis and integrating the research results, this study has examined the extent of the effect ...
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Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on neurocognitive performance in people with mild neurocognitive impairment. Using meta-analysis and integrating the research results, this study has examined the extent of the effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the improvement of neurocognitive function in people with mild neurocognitive impairment.
Method: For collecting data for meta-analyses, Magiran, SID, and Irandoc databases were used to search Persian articles and Science direct, Scopus, and PubMed databases were used to find foreign articles by the use of keywords of ‘MCI’, ‘transcranial direct current stimulation’, tDCS, and ‘mild cognitive impairment’ and their equivalences for Persian articles. Of the 29 studies, 11 methodologically acceptable were meta-analyzed. The research tool was a meta-analysis checklist.
Results: The results of the study indicated publication bias in the studies. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a random-effect model was used. The effect of Hedges for the impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on neurocognitive functions in people with mild neurocognitive impairment was 0.26, which was a large effect.
Conclusion: This result shows that clinicians can choose transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an effective intervention for patients who suffer from mild cognitive impairments. More investigations are necessary to find out the cognitive benefits of using transcranial direct current stimulation in elderly people and other cognitive impaired persons.
research
Shamsaddin Agh Atabay; Mozhgan Sepahmansour; Mohammad Hatami
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of lifestyle-based stress management program on emotional problems and life satisfaction in patients with myocardial infarction.
Method: This research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical ...
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Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of lifestyle-based stress management program on emotional problems and life satisfaction in patients with myocardial infarction.
Method: This research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population of this research consisted of all patients aged 40-65 years old with myocardial infarction who were under treatment at Kasra Hospital in Karaj in the first six months of 2019. The study sample consisted of 90 patients with heart attack who were identified among the patients and selected by targeted sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale as well as the Satisfaction With Life Scale. The collected data were analyzed using the method of Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the lifestyle-based stress management program significantly reduced emotional problems and increased life satisfaction in the experimental group (P<0.01).
Conclusions: The stress management program helped patients identify dysfunctional thoughts that trigger anxiety and depression and experience fewer emotional problems by feeling self-control, attention management, changing the assessment system and using cognitive strategies. Also, by identifying and correcting irrational attitudes and beliefs, the subjects were able to better cope with the physical effects of the disease or to deal with its negative psychological complications and have more life satisfaction. These findings have important implications for education and promoting mental health of patients with myocardial infarction.
research
Abdolmahammad Safari; Jahanshah Mohammadzadeh; Vahid Ahmadi; Shahram Mami
Abstract
Objective: some recent studies suggested the beneficial effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on stress reduction and perceived stress, leading to the improvement of mental disorders caused by stress. Given that female-headed households are one of the most vulnerable groups of society that ...
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Objective: some recent studies suggested the beneficial effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on stress reduction and perceived stress, leading to the improvement of mental disorders caused by stress. Given that female-headed households are one of the most vulnerable groups of society that need to be studied, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the reduction of perceived stress and depressive symptoms among this group.
Method: The present study was a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and follow-up phase. The study population consisted of 400 female-headed households aged 25 to 50 years covered by Ilam City Relief Committee. The participants were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The perceived stress and depression symptoms were assessed using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (1983) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (1996), respectively. Mindfulness-based stress reduction program was performed for 8 weeks and all subjects were reassessed after intervention completion.
Results: Both groups had similar characteristics at baseline. The mean preserved stress and depression scores significantly improved in the experimental group after the intervention and at follow-up phase (p<0.001). However, no significant changes were observed in the control group (p=0.49).
Conclusion: Mindfulness-based stress reduction had a positive effect on perceived stress and depressive symptoms in female-headed households. It is also likely that the reduction in stress appraisals can improve psychological well-being and physical health.
research
mojtabga aghili; Sara ramrodi
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on goal orientation and feeling of inferiority in individuals with physical-motor disabilities.
Methods: This study utilized a quasi-experimental method. The statistical population consisted of all students ...
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on goal orientation and feeling of inferiority in individuals with physical-motor disabilities.
Methods: This study utilized a quasi-experimental method. The statistical population consisted of all students with physical-motor disabilities in Kalaleh County (n = 517). Among them, 30 students were selected as a sample using a convenience sampling method. After explaining the purpose of the research and signing the consent form, they were divided into two groups of 15: the experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in eight ACT training sessions (one 60-minute session per week), while the control group just answered pretest and posttest questionnaires. For this purpose, Elliot and McGregor's Achievement Goal Orientations Scale (2001) and Eysenck's Feelings of Inferiority Questionnaire (1976) were used.
Results: The findings indicated the effect of ACT-based training on mastery-approach goal orientation and feeling of inferiority in students with physical-motor disabilities and its effect was reported 0.50. Examining the means showed that the mastery-approach goal orientation increased, and the feeling of inferiority decreased after ACT.
Conclusions: Overall, the findings of this study showed that acceptance and commitment based therapy is It is effective in targeting the goal and feeling inferior in students with physical and motor disabilities.
research
mahnaz etefaghi; Mehrdad Sabet; Khadijeh Abolmaali Alhoseini
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Barlow's transdiagnostic, emotion-focused and mindfulness therapy on moderating the eating behavior of adults with obesity.
Method: The present research project was a semi-experimental with pretest, post test, and follow up with a ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Barlow's transdiagnostic, emotion-focused and mindfulness therapy on moderating the eating behavior of adults with obesity.
Method: The present research project was a semi-experimental with pretest, post test, and follow up with a control group. The statistical population included all people with obesity in Tehran. Sixty people were randomly selected through available sampling method and were assigned to four groups: (1) Barlow's transdiagnostic therapy, (2) emotion- focused therapy, (3) mindfulness-based therapy, and (4) control group. Data were analyzed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) in three stages: pre test, post test, and follow up, and were analyzed by mixed-variance analysis.
Results: The research findings showed the within effects significant (P<0.05) regarding emotional, environmental, and restricted eating. Regarding between effects, a significant and constant effectiveness was found in the subscale of emotional and restricted eating in emotion- focused therapy group and in the subscale of environmental eating in mindfulness-based therapy group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Emotion- focused therapy can help people to moderate emotional and restricted eating through emotional experience and making sense of emotions, and mindfulness therapy can help people to moderate environmental eating by helping them focus on the present moment and break repetitive patterns.
research
Zabihollah KavehFarsani; mehdi Omidian
Abstract
Objective: One of the most important social factors that have been constantly identified as a predictor of healthy aging is marriage satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of social support on marital satisfaction with mediating role of emotional loneliness ...
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Objective: One of the most important social factors that have been constantly identified as a predictor of healthy aging is marriage satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of social support on marital satisfaction with mediating role of emotional loneliness and physical activity.
Method: This study was descriptive and correlational based on structural equations. The statistical population consisted of all the elderly in the care centers of Shahrekord and Farsan in 2019, among whom 180 individuals were randomly selected as participants. Then the subjects completed research instruments, including Relationship Assessment scale (Hendrick, 1998), Perceived Social Support Scale (Zimet, et al., 1988), Adult’s Social and Emotional Loneliness scale (DiTommasso, et al., 2004), and Leisure-time Activities Scale (Godin, 1985). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used through SPSS (version 23) and AMOS (version 23) to analyze data.
Findings: The results demonstrated direct effect of social support, emotional loneliness and physical activity on marital satisfaction (p <0.001) and indirect effect of perceived social support on marital satisfaction through emotional loneliness and physical activity (p <.05).
Conclusion: The SEM results of the current study supported the proposed model explaining the interrelationships between perceived social support, loneliness, physical activity, and marital satisfaction. The findings of the present study suggest the authorities to pay more attention to the factors of social support, emotional loneliness and physical activity in order to improve the marital relationships of the elderly. The findings of this study can help psychologists and other caretakers create more effective family matter programs for the older generations to enhance their marital satisfaction.
research
maryam hajilou; Hasan Ahadi; mohammadreza seirafi; saeed shahbeigi
Abstract
Objective: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and disabling disease. The purpose of the present research was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management training on the resilience of patients with multiple sclerosis.
Method: This research was a quasi-experimental design ...
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Objective: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and disabling disease. The purpose of the present research was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management training on the resilience of patients with multiple sclerosis.
Method: This research was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population included female patients with MS referred to the Dr. Shahbigi Neurology Clinic in Tehran. The participants were 30 patients who were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to the two experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent ten sessions of stress management training based on the Cognitive Behavioral Model. Data were collected using the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale. Research data were analyzed using Mixed Repeated Measures ANOVA.
Results: The results revealed that cognitive-behavioral stress management training could significantly enhance the resilience of patients with MS.
Conclusion: Therefore, the use of cognitive-behavioral stress management training could be effective in improving the resilience of patients with MS.
research
Razieh Kamal; Razieh Rahmani; Hoda Nadaf Shargh
Abstract
Objective: While previous research studies primarily focused on younger populations, this study compared the relationship between Instagram use and the mental health of both young and older women who were quarantined because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: Data were collected using Google Form from ...
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Objective: While previous research studies primarily focused on younger populations, this study compared the relationship between Instagram use and the mental health of both young and older women who were quarantined because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: Data were collected using Google Form from March 1 to May 5, 2020. A total of 389 women from Mashhad City in Iran participated in the study and completed a questionnaire regarding their daily Instagram usage and a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).
Results: Older users’ daily Instagram use was not significantly different from that of younger users [t (382) = 0.98, p = 0.33]. Furthermore, results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between daily Instagram use and young users’ mental health levels [r (352) = 0.23, p=0.00]. Finally, there was no significant correlation between daily Instagram use and old users’ mental health levels [r (28) = -0.20, p = 0.28].
Conclusion: The findings advance an understanding of Instagram use among younger and older adults and highlight the correlation between Instagram use and mental health. The results can inform future technological interventions that are designed to help younger and older adults who may have better access to social benefits via SNS platforms, particularly in specific circumstances, such as those brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.
