Psychological and social aspects of disease prevention
Mahdi Rahmani; mohsen jalali; elnaz pourahmadi; Abdolsamad Nikan
Abstract
Objective: Patients with Ménière's often experience multiple psychological problems and are not satisfied with the results of medication therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on anxiety, lifestyle, and experiential avoidance in patients ...
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Objective: Patients with Ménière's often experience multiple psychological problems and are not satisfied with the results of medication therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on anxiety, lifestyle, and experiential avoidance in patients with Ménière's disease. Method: The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up approach. The statistical population comprised all patients diagnosed with Ménière's disease who sought treatment at the specialized ear clinic affiliated with Mashhad Medical Sciences Hospital between January and March 2023. From this population, 30 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected using an oriented sampling method. Participants were randomly assigned to a CBT intervention group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Data collected at three time points—pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 30 days after the intervention—using the Smith Lifestyle Questionnaire, Bond Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire, and the Anxiety subscale of the DASS-21. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.Results: The results indicated a significant reduction in anxiety levels in the CBT group compared to the control group in both the post-test and follow-up assessments (P < 0.05). Additionally, a significant improvement was observed in lifestyle scores in the CBT group relative to the control group (P < 0.05). The difference in experiential avoidance between the two groups was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing anxiety and experiential avoidance while improving lifestyle in patients with Ménière's disease. These results underscore the potential of CBT as an adjunctive treatment in managing the psychological and lifestyle-related challenges associated with Ménière's disease.
Psychological interventions in health and diseases
marzieh sarvi; ali ghanaee; mohammad javad Asghari ebrahim abad; sahar khosravan
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of neurofeedback in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in high school deaf girls.Method: A total of 24 deaf female students were randomly assigned to experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group received ...
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Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of neurofeedback in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in high school deaf girls.Method: A total of 24 deaf female students were randomly assigned to experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group received 15 neurofeedback training sessions targeting the F3 and F4 regions. Both groups completed the DASS-21 questionnaire before and after the intervention..Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance indicated significant reductions in depression (F = 15.680, p<.05), anxiety (F = 5.991, p<.05), and stress (F = 6.100, p<.05) scores in the experimental group compared to the control group.Conclusion: Neurofeedback appears to be an effective intervention for improving mental health among deaf adolescents.
Psychological aspects in health and diseases
Mahdieh Rahmanian; Rozalin Shah moradian
Abstract
Objective: Family dynamics play a significant role in establishing emotional relationships among its members and fostering psychological well-being, which extends to individual and collective members' peace of mind. This study aimed to investigate the impact of parenting styles and sexual education styles ...
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Objective: Family dynamics play a significant role in establishing emotional relationships among its members and fostering psychological well-being, which extends to individual and collective members' peace of mind. This study aimed to investigate the impact of parenting styles and sexual education styles of parents, with anxiety as a mediating variable, on the sexual performance of married women.Method: The study population consisted of married women who presented with sexual dysfunction at psychiatric and women's clinics in Tehran. Since the minimum number of samples in structural equation modeling is 200 individuals, 200 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included Baumrind's Parenting Styles Scale (1972), Parental Sexual Education Styles Scale (2010), Beck Anxiety Scale (1990), and Rosen et al.'s Sexual Performance Scale (2000). Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data.Results: The findings of the present study showed that anxiety does not have a mediating effect on the effect of parents' strict sexual education style on the sexual performance of married women, but it has a complete mediating effect on the sexual performance of married women in the authoritative sexual education style of parents. Also, anxiety has a partial mediating effect on the impact of parents' authoritarian parenting style on married women's sexual performance, and it does not have a mediating effect on the parents' authoritarian parenting style on married women's sexual performance (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The study concludes that the sexual performance of married women is significantly influenced by the styles of parenting and sexual education they received, with anxiety playing varied mediating roles. An authoritative approach to sexual education, coupled with parenting styles that manage to reduce anxiety, tends to enhance sexual performance in women.
Parvin Mirzaei
Abstract
Objective: Corona disease (COVID-19) is a contagious disease. This disease, with such a global spread, has caused many disorders in people. Among disorders caused by coronavirus, anxiety and depression are the most common ones. One of the ways to deal with depression and anxiety is positive thinking. ...
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Objective: Corona disease (COVID-19) is a contagious disease. This disease, with such a global spread, has caused many disorders in people. Among disorders caused by coronavirus, anxiety and depression are the most common ones. One of the ways to deal with depression and anxiety is positive thinking. Positive thinking is a positive way to focus the mind on something constructive, thus removing negative and destructive thoughts and emotions. Therefore, this research was conducted to reduce anxiety and depression and increase self-efficacy in students who have recovered from the coronavirus.Method: The research method was semi-experimental with a post-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group, and the target population was students who had recovered from Corona. Of these, 40 people were purposefully selected as samples based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into two groups of 20 people. To collect data from the beginning and before the training, Goldberg's depression questionnaire (1972), Spielberger's test anxiety questionnaire (1983), and Scherer and Mardox's self-efficacy questionnaire (1982) were used. Also, in this research, positive thinking training intervention was administered during 14 one-hour sessions. Covariance and correlation methods were used to analyze data. The correlation between the results of the experimental and control groups in the post-test and pre-test stages and the follow-up phase was obtained and compared with each other. Results: The results showed that positive thinking training affected self-efficacy (P=0.001), reduced depression (P=0.01), and decreased anxiety (P=0.01) of students who recovered from Coronavirus. Conclusion: Teaching positive thinking skills has been effective and has increased self-efficacy, reduced anxiety, and reduced depression in patients who have recovered from Corona.
zahra salarrad; lida leilabadi; nahid Nafissi; adis Kraskian Mujembari
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on anxiety and quality of life in women with breast cancer.
Method: A quasi-experimental design was used to collect pre-test, post-test and follow-up data (three months after) from treatment and control groups. ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on anxiety and quality of life in women with breast cancer.
Method: A quasi-experimental design was used to collect pre-test, post-test and follow-up data (three months after) from treatment and control groups. The sample consisted of 30 women with breast cancer in Tehran who had a high score in anxiety after screening. They were selected based on purposive sampling and randomly placed in experimental and control groups of size 15. The experimental group received 12 sessions (50 minutes) of emotion-focused therapy (Greenberg, 2010). The control group did not receive an intervention. Data were collected using Beck Anxiety Inventory and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Breast Cancer (FACT-B) in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow up, and analyzed using mixed variance analysis.
Findings: Results showed significant within and between subject differences (P<0.01) on measures of anxiety and quality of life. Emotion-focused therapy significantly reduced anxiety and increased quality of life in the treatment group relative to the control group. Moreover, post-test and follow-up levels of anxiety and quality of life differed significantly from pre-test levels, but not from each other.
Conclusion: Emotion-focused therapy targeting emotional processing and expression improved [d1] regulation of clients' emotions and can be used as an appropriate intervention method to reduce anxiety and increase quality of life in women with breast cancer.
Sepehr Pourkhalili; Elnaz Sadeghi Chookami; Abbas Abolghasemi
Abstract
Objective: The Coronavirus not only affects physical health, but the outbreak of this virus can also have devastating psychological effects. To treat and diagnose, these impacts should be identified. This study aimed to investigate the role of perfectionism and self-compassion in predicting coronavirus ...
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Objective: The Coronavirus not only affects physical health, but the outbreak of this virus can also have devastating psychological effects. To treat and diagnose, these impacts should be identified. This study aimed to investigate the role of perfectionism and self-compassion in predicting coronavirus anxiety.
Method: The sample consisted of 292 participants who responded online to the Coronavirus Anxiety Inventory, the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HF-MPS), and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). Data were analyzed by correlation and multiple regression analysis.
Results: The results have shown that the dimensions of perfectionism, and Self-compassion, predict coronavirus anxiety (P <0.001). Also, mindfulness and common humanity, from self-compassion components, could predict coronavirus anxiety significantly (P <0.001).
Conclusion: These findings indicate that perfectionism is effective in exacerbating Coronavirus anxiety, and self-compassion is effective in modulating it. These variables can play an important role in general health policies, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of Coronavirus anxiety.
Mahsa Ghaffarzadeh; alinaghi aghdasi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy of cognitive-behavioral approach on anxiety, stress, and despair of patients with Multiple sclerosis in Tehran.Method: This study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. Twenty patients ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy of cognitive-behavioral approach on anxiety, stress, and despair of patients with Multiple sclerosis in Tehran.Method: This study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. Twenty patients who were referred to the available medical centers were selected as the study samples and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. In this study, Kalmogorov-Smirnov, Levene, and Covariance tests were used to analyze data through IBM SPSS software.Beck Anxiety Inventory Questionnaire, Cohen's Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), and Beck's Hopelessness Scale questionnaire were used to collect data.Results: The results of the present study showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of anxiety, stress, and despair with a 95% confidence level. Therefore, three main hypotheses were confirmed and the null hypothesis was rejected. It was found that cognitive-behavior group therapy was effective in reducing anxiety, stress, and despair in patients with MS.Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy reduced stress, anxiety, and despair in patients with MS and improved their mental health. Therefore, this treatment method can be useful in clinics.
Abu Hasanat Mohammad Kishowar Hossain; Helal Uddin Ahmed; Reun Tanzin Oshru; MD Yeasir Yunus
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to find out the anxiety and depression level among tertiary students in Bangladesh during COVID-19 outbreak.
Method: The online survey design was used in this study. To measure anxiety and depression, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ...
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Objective: This study aimed to find out the anxiety and depression level among tertiary students in Bangladesh during COVID-19 outbreak.
Method: The online survey design was used in this study. To measure anxiety and depression, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scales were used. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of several factors on the likelihood of reporting anxiety and depression by respondents.
Results: The strongest predictor of binary logistic regression of reporting anxiety was gender (OR: 2.848; 95% CI; 1.836-4.417; p<.001), indicating that female students had about 2.9 times more likely to report anxiety than male students. The duration of using social media (OR: 0.567; 95% CI; 0.329-0.978; p<0.05) was also affecting the level of anxiety of the students. Depression was reported to be affected by the present living place (OR: 0.507; 95% CI; 0.316-0.814; p=.005).
Conclusion: This study showed that students had different levels of anxiety and depression. Gender, the present living place, and the duration of using social media were the significant factors for anxiety disorder. Depression was also getting affected by the present living place and the duration of using social media.
Zohreh Latifi; leyle abotalebi
Abstract
Objective: The main aim of this research was to investigate the effects of quality of life therapy on increasing the coping ability with stressful situations, reducing anxiety and irrational fears in at risk workers of electricity distribution companies in Isfahan. Method: This research was of semi-experimental ...
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Objective: The main aim of this research was to investigate the effects of quality of life therapy on increasing the coping ability with stressful situations, reducing anxiety and irrational fears in at risk workers of electricity distribution companies in Isfahan. Method: This research was of semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. Population were consisted of 250 at risk workers of Isfahan Electricity Distribution Company. Five people were randomly selected from each unit, and a total of 40 people were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 90 minutes’ sessions of quality of life improvement training for 8 weeks, held at the New Technology Park of Isfahan Electricity Distribution company. Experimental group was compared with a waiting control group. measurement tools were consisted of Endler and Parker Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and Mental Disorders Symptoms Checklist (SCL-90-R) that were administered on at risk workers in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up phases. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results: Data analysis showed that the intervention sessions had a significant effect on the all scales of coping with stressful situations, anxiety and irrational fears in the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up stages. Conclusion: The results indicate that psychotherapy based on improvement of quality of life was effective on tranquility, mental health and the quality of life of at risk workers in Isfahan electricity distribution company.
