با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن روانشناسی سلامت ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Phd of Psychology Semnan University

چکیده

هدف: یکی از مهمترین متغیرهای اجتماعی که به عنوان پیش‌بینی کننده پیری سالم به طور مداوم شناحته شده است، ازدواج رضایت بخش است8. از این رو، هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش میانجی تنهایی عاطفی و فعالیت جسمانی در ارتباط با حمایت اجتماعی و رضایت زناشویی بود.
روش: روش پژوهش، توصیفی از نوع همبستگی و معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه سالمندان مراکز نگهداری روزانه شهرستان‌های شهرکرد و فارسان در سال 1398 بودند که از بین آنها 180 نفر از طریق نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب و به پرسشنامه‌های مقیاس ارزیابی رابطه (هندریک، 1998)، پرسشنامه حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده (زمیت و همکاران، 1988)، مقیاس احساس تنهایی اجتماعی و عاطفی بزرگسالان (دیتوماسو و همکاران، 2004) و پرسشنامه تمرین در اوقات فراغت (گودین، 1985) پاسخ دادند. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم افزار SPSS23 و AMOS23 و از روش تحلیل الگویابی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاکی از اثر مستقیم حمایت اجتماعی، تنهایی عاطفی و فعالیت جسمانی بر رضایت-زناشویی (p < 0/001) و اثر غیرمستقیم حمایت اجتماعی ادارک شده از طریق تنهایی عاطفی و فعالیت جسمانی با رضایت زناشویی بود (p < 0/05).
نتیجه‌گیری: از یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که برای افزایش و یا بهبود روابط‌زناشویی سالمندان توجه به متغیرهای حمایت اجتماعی، تنهایی عاطفی و فعالیت جسمانی در برنامه‌های آموزشی و درمانی مشاوران و روانشناسان توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Acitelli, L. K., & Antonucci, T. C. (1994). Gender differences in the link between marital support and satisfaction in older couples. Journal of personality and social psychology, 67(4), 688.
Amati, V., Meggiolaro, S., Rivellini, G., & Zaccarin, S. (2018). Social relations and life satisfaction: the role of friends. Genus, 74(1), 7.
Ayalon, L., Shiovitz-Ezra, S., & Palgi, Y. (2013). Associations of loneliness in older married men and women. Aging & mental health, 17(1), 33-39.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological bulletin, 117(3), 497.
Brown, C. A., McGuire, F. A., & Voelkl, J. (2008). The link between successful aging and serious leisure. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 66(1), 73-95.
Carr, D., Freedman, V. A., Cornman, J. C., & Schwarz, N. (2014). Happy marriage, happy life? Marital quality and subjective well‐being in later life. Journal of Marriage and family, 76(5), 930-948.
Carr, D., & Springer, K. W. (2010). Advances in families and health research in the 21st century. Journal of Marriage and family, 72(3), 743-761.
Chen, Y., & Feeley, T. H. (2014). Social support, social strain, loneliness, and well-being among older adults: An analysis of the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31(2), 141-161.
Chogahara, M., Cousins, S. O. B., & Wankel, L. M. (1998). Social influences on physical activity in older adults: A review. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 6(1), 1-17.
de Jong Gierveld, J., & Broese van Groenou, M. (2016). Older couple relationships and loneliness.
de Jong Gierveld, J., Broese van Groenou, M., Hoogendoorn, A. W., & Smit, J. H. (2009). Quality of marriages in later life and emotional and social loneliness. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 64(4), 497-506.
Dean, A., Kolody, B., Wood, P., & Matt, G. E. (1992). The influence of living alone on depression in elderly persons. Journal of Aging and Health, 4(1), 3-18.
Depp, C. A., & Jeste, D. V. (2006). Definitions and predictors of successful aging: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(1), 6-20.
Ditommaso, E., Brannen, C., & Best, L. A. (2004). Measurement and validity characteristics of the short version of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64(1), 99-119.
Dykstra, P. A., Van Tilburg, T. G., & Gierveld, J. D. J. (2005). Changes in older adult loneliness: Results from a seven-year longitudinal study. Research on aging, 27(6), 725-747.
Eyler, A. A., Brownson, R. C., Donatelle, R. J., King, A. C., Brown, D., & Sallis, J. F. (1999). Physical activity social support and middle-and older-aged minority women: results from a US survey. Social science & medicine, 49(6), 781-789.
Farahbakhshbeh, S., Mehri Nejad, S. A., & Moazedian, A. (2019). Predicting Self-Efficacy of Women with Breast Cancer based on Quality of Life, Religious Orientation, Resilience, Death Anxiety, Psychological Hardiness and Perceived Social Support. Biquarterly Iranian Journal of Health Psychology, 2(1), 65-78.
Fokkema, T., De Jong Gierveld, J., & Dykstra, P. A. (2012). Cross-national differences in older adult loneliness. The Journal of psychology, 146(1-2), 201-228.
Han, K., Lee, Y., Gu, J., Oh, H., Han, J., & Kim, K. (2015). Psychosocial factors for influencing healthy aging in adults in Korea. Health and Quality of life Outcomes, 13(1), 31.
Haughton McNeill, L., Wyrwich, K. W., Brownson, R. C., Clark, E. M., & Kreuter, M. W. (2006). Individual, social environmental, and physical environmental influences on physical activity among black and white adults: a structural equation analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 31(1), 36-44.
Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical psychology review, 26(6), 695-718.
Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 93-98.
Holt-Lunstad, J., Birmingham, W., & Jones, B. Q. (2008). Is there something unique about marriage? The relative impact of marital status, relationship quality, and network social support on ambulatory blood pressure and mental health. Annals of behavioral medicine, 35(2), 239-244.
Jeste, D. V., Savla, G. N., Thompson, W. K., Vahia, I. V., Glorioso, D. K., Martin, A. v. S., . . . Kraemer, H. C. (2013). Association between older age and more successful aging: critical role of resilience and depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(2), 188-196.
Jowkar, B., & Salimi, A. (2011). Psychometric properties of the short form of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 18(5), 311-318.
Kadariya, S., Gautam, R., & Aro, A. R. (2019). Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Wellbeing among Older Adults in South and Southeast Asia: A Scoping Review. BioMed Research International, 2019.
Kahn, E. B., Ramsey, L. T., Brownson, R. C., Heath, G. W., Howze, E. H., Powell, K. E., . . . Corso, P. (2002). The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: a systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine, 22(4), 73-107.
Kim, C., McEwen, L. N., Kieffer, E. C., Herman, W. H., & Piette, J. D. (2008). Self-efficacy, social support, and associations with physical activity and body mass index among women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Educator, 34(4), 719-728.
Kong, F., & You, X. (2013). Loneliness and self-esteem as mediators between social support and life satisfaction in late adolescence. Social Indicators Research, 110(1), 271-279.
Kouvonen, A., De Vogli, R., Stafford, M., Shipley, M. J., Marmot, M. G., Cox, T., . . . Singh-Manoux, A. (2012). Social support and the likelihood of maintaining and improving levels of physical activity: the Whitehall II Study. The European Journal of Public Health, 22(4), 514-518.
Kuhirunyaratn, P., Pongpanich, S., Somrongthong, R., Love, E. J., & Chapman, R. S. (2007). Social support among elderly in Khon Kean province, Thailand. Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 38(5), 936.
Laurenceau, J.-P., Barrett, L. F., & Rovine, M. J. (2005). The interpersonal process model of intimacy in marriage: A daily-diary and multilevel modeling approach. Journal of family psychology, 19(2), 314.
Lawrence, E. M., Rogers, R. G., Zajacova, A., & Wadsworth, T. (2019). Marital happiness, marital status, health, and longevity. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(5), 1539-1561.
Makino, K., Ihira, H., Mizumoto, A., Shimizu, K., Ishida, T., & Furuna, T. (2015). Associations between the settings of exercise habits and health-related outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of physical therapy science, 27(7), 2207-2211.
Margelisch, K., Schneewind, K. A., Violette, J., & Perrig-Chiello, P. (2017). Marital stability, satisfaction and well-being in old age: variability and continuity in long-term continuously married older persons. Aging & mental health, 21(4), 389-398.
Meng, X., & D'arcy, C. (2014). Successful aging in Canada: prevalence and predictors from a population-based sample of older adults. Gerontology, 60(1), 65-72.
Morgan, L. A., & Kunkel, S. R. (2007). Aging, society, and the life course: Springer Publishing Company.
Mousavi, S. F., & Dehshiri, G. (2015). The role of discrepancy between expectations and reality of marital relationship and marital satisfaction. The method of research was descriptive and correlativ. Women s Studies Sociological and Psychological, 13(2), 93-110.
Nations, U. (2017). World population prospects: the 2017 revision, key findings and advance tables. Department of Economics and Social Affairs PD, editor. New York: United Nations.
Pietrzak, R. H., Tsai, J., Kirwin, P. D., & Southwick, S. M. (2014). Successful aging among older veterans in the United States. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(6), 551-563.
Polenick, C. A., Zarit, S. H., Birditt, K. S., Bangerter, L. R., Seidel, A. J., & Fingerman, K. L. (2017). Intergenerational support and marital satisfaction: Implications of beliefs about helping aging parents. Journal of Marriage and family, 79(1), 131-146.
Proulx, C. M., Helms, H. M., & Buehler, C. (2007). Marital quality and personal well‐being: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Marriage and family, 69(3), 576-593.
Roh, S. (2010). The impact of religion, spirituality, and social support on depression and life satisfaction among Korean immigrant older adults. New York University doctoral dissertation.
Saffarinia, M., Zare, H., Alipour, A., & Moghtaderi, M. (2019). Effectiveness of the Package of Hope Therapy Based on Positivist Approach on the Life Quality and Psychological Wellbeing of Parkinson Patients. Biquarterly Iranian Journal of Health Psychology, 2(1), 55-64.
Salimi, A., Joukar, B., & Nikpour, R. (2009). Internet and communication: Perceived social support and loneliness as antecedent variables. Psychological studies, 5(3), 81-102.
Sargent-Cox, K., Cherbuin, N., Morris, L., Butterworth, P., & Anstey, K. J. (2014). The effect of health behavior change on self-rated health across the adult life course: a longitudinal cohort study. Preventive medicine, 58, 75-80.
Satariano, W. A., Haight, T. J., & Tager, I. B. (2002). Living arrangements and participation in leisure-time physical activities in an older population. Journal of Aging and Health, 14(4), 427-451.
Schmitt, M., Kliegel, M., & Shapiro, A. (2007). Marital interaction in middle and old age: A predictor of marital satisfaction? The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 65(4), 283-300.
Schoen, R., Astone, N. M., Kim, Y. J., Rothert, K., & Standish, N. J. (2002). Women's employment, marital happiness, and divorce. Social forces, 81(2), 643-662.
Shen, Y., & Yeatts, D. E. (2013). Social support and life satisfaction among older adults in China: Family-based support versus community-based support. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 77(3), 189-209.
Shiovitz-Ezra, S., & Leitsch, S. A. (2010). The role of social relationships in predicting loneliness: The national social life, health, and aging project. Social Work Research, 34(3), 157-167.
Silverstein, M., & Giarrusso, R. (2010). Aging and family life: A decade review. Journal of Marriage and family, 72(5), 1039-1058.
Smith, G. L., Banting, L., Eime, R., O’Sullivan, G., & Van Uffelen, J. G. (2017). The association between social support and physical activity in older adults: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 56.
Smith, J. M. (2012). Portraits of loneliness: emerging themes among community-dwelling older adults. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services, 50(4), 34-39.
Ståhl, T., Rütten, A., Nutbeam, D., Bauman, A., Kannas, L., Abel, T., . . . Van Der Zee, J. (2001). The importance of the social environment for physically active lifestyle—results from an international study. Social science & medicine, 52(1), 1-10.
Sundström, G., Fransson, E., Malmberg, B., & Davey, A. (2009). Loneliness among older Europeans. European Journal of Ageing, 6(4), 267.
Umberson, D., Williams, K., Powers, D. A., Liu, H., & Needham, B. (2006). You make me sick: Marital quality and health over the life course. Journal of health and social behavior, 47(1), 1-16.
Vaillant, G. E., & Mukamal, K. (2001). Successful aging. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(6), 839-847.
Van Vleet, M., & Feeney, B. C. (2015). Young at heart: A perspective for advancing research on play in adulthood. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(5), 639-645.
Walker, R. B., & Luszcz, M. A. (2009). The health and relationship dynamics of late-life couples: A systematic review of the literature. Ageing & Society, 29(3), 455-480.
Wang, D., Dong, Y., Zhou, L., & Shen, J. (2004). Inner-mechanisms between intergenerational social support and subjective well-being of the elderly. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 36(01), 78-82.
Wang, Y.-h., Haslam, M., Yu, M., Ding, J., Lu, Q., & Pan, F. (2015). Family functioning, marital quality and social support in Chinese patients with epilepsy. Health and Quality of life Outcomes, 13(1), 10.
Weishaus, S., & Field, D. (1988). A half century of marriage: Continuity or change? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 763-774.
Whisman, M. A., & Uebelacker, L. A. (2009). Prospective associations between marital discord and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. Psychology and aging, 24(1), 184.
WHO, W. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.
Yoon, D. P., & Lee, E.-K. O. (2006). The impact of religiousness, spirituality, and social support on psychological well-being among older adults in rural areas. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 48(3-4), 281-298.
Yousefi, B., Asadzadeh, E., & Azadi, R. (2017). The Relationship between Psychosocial and Environmental Factors Related to Physical Activity in Urmia girl high-schools. Applied Research in Sport Management 6(22), 47-56.
Yucel, D., & Koydemir, S. (2015). Predictors of marital satisfaction in North Cyprus: exploring the gender effects. Journal of Family Studies, 21(2), 120-143.
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of personality assessment, 52(1), 30-41.