In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Health Psychology

Document Type : research

Authors

1 PhD Student, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, PhD in Health Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran .

3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Objective: Diabetes is a chronic disease that has negative physical and psychological consequences and effective interventions are necessary to reduce these consequences. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the Autogenic training (AT) and Affect regulation training (ART) on the psychological adjustment of women with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Among female patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Iranian Endocrine Institute, 33 patients were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into three groups (AT, ART, and control). Participants answered the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS‐SR) before and at the end of the intervention. The subjects of ART and AT groups underwent 10 90-minute training sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention.
Results: Data analysis with MANOVA and ANOVA showed that psychosocial adjustment to disease in both ART and AT groups was significantly improved compared to the control group (P <0.05). The two groups of AT and ART were not significantly different in improving psychosocial adjustment to disease (P >0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that both interventions, AT and ART, have been effective in improving the psychological adjustment of women with type 2 diabetes by affecting the mechanisms of mind-body communication.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش تنش‌زدایی خودزاد با آموزش تنظیم عاطفه بر سازگاری روان‌شناختی زنان مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو

Authors [Persian]

  • محبوبه هرمزی شیخ طبقی 1
  • مژگان آگاه هریس 2
  • فریبرز باقری 3

1 روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار دانشگاه پیام نور تهران

Abstract [Persian]

چکیده
هدف: دیابت، یکی از مهم ترین بیماری‌های مزمن است که دارای پیامدهای منفی جسمانی و روان‌شناختی است. در نتیجه انجام مداخله‌های کارآمد در کاهش این عواقب ضروری است. لذا هدف این پژوهش، مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش تنش‌زدایی خودزاد (AT) با آموزش تنظیم عاطفه (ART) بر سازگاری روان‌شناختی زنان مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو بود. روش: ابتدا از میان بیماران زن مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو مراجعه‌کننده به انستیتوی غدد ایران، 33 بیمار با نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه ( آموزش تنش‌زدایی خودزاد، آموزش تنظیم عاطفه و گواه) قرار گرفتند. شرکت‌کنندگان پیش از شروع و در پایان مداخله به پرسشنامه سازگاری روانی اجتماعی با بیماری (PAIS) پاسخ دادند. سپس آزمودنی‌های گروه ART و AT به مدت 10 هفته هر هفته یک جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای آموزش‌های مرتبط را دریافت کردند و گروه گواه مداخله‌ای دریافت نکرد. نتایج: پس از جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، با روش آماری MANOVAو ANOVA مشخص شد اثر جمعی و تفکیکی نمرات هر هفت زیرمقیاس و همچنین نمره کل سازگاری روانی- اجتماعی با بیماری در هر دو گروه ART و AT در مقایسه با گروه کنترل کاهش معنادار داشت (05/0>P) که بیانگر افزایش سازگاری روان‌شناختی بود . اما این دو گروه‌ AT و ART تفاوت معناداری با هم نداشتند (05/0<P). نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد که هر دو مداخله در بهبود سازگاری روان‌شناختی زنان مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو به واسطه تأثیر روی مکانیزم‌های هشیار یا ناهشیار ارتباط ذهن -بدن موثر واقع شده‌اند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • دیابت نوع دو
  • آموزش تنظیم عاطفه
  • آموزش تنش‌زدایی خودزاد
  • سازگاری روان‌شناختی
  • روانشناسی سلامت
Abuín, M. R. (2016). Terapia autógena: técnicas, fundamentos, aplicaciones en la salud y clínica y apoyo empírico. Clínica y Salud27(3), 133-145.
Aflakseir, A., Raoofi, S., Mollazadeh, J., Khormaei, F., & Farmani, A. (2015). Prediction of psychosocial adjustment to illness based on health locus of control dimensions in type 2 diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism14(5), 337-344.
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical psychology review30(2), 217-237.
Asuzu, C. C., Walker, R. J., Williams, J. S., & Egede, L. E. (2017). Pathways for the relationship between diabetes distress, depression, fatalism and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications31(1), 169-174.
Berking, M., & Whitley, B. (2014). Emotion regulation: Definition and relevance for mental health. In Affect Regulation Training (pp. 5-17). Springer, New York, NY.
Berking, M., Eichler, E., Luhmann, M., Diedrich, A., Hiller, W., & Rief, W. (2019). Affect regulation training reduces symptom severity in depression–A randomized controlled trial. PloS one14(8), e0220436.
Berking, M., Orth, U., Wupperman, P., Meier, L. L., & Caspar, F. (2008). Prospective effects of emotion-regulation skills on emotional adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology55(4), 485.
Cavallaro, M. F. (2020). The autogenic training on dialysis as a mental place of serenity and well being. Journal of Clinical & Developmental Psychology2(2).
Derogatis, L. R. (1986). The psychosocial adjustment to illness scale (PAIS). Journal of psychosomatic research30(1), 77-91.
Dickens, C., Cherrington, A., & McGowan, L. (2012). Depression and health-related quality of life in people with coronary heart disease: a systematic review. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing11(3), 265-275.
Edition, F. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Am Psychiatric Assoc.
Gåfvels, C., & Wändell, P. E. (2006). Coping strategies in men and women with type 2 diabetes in Swedish primary care. Diabetes research and clinical practice71(3), 280-289.
Gois, C. J., Ferro, A. C., Santos, A. L., Sousa, F. P., Ouakinin, S. R., Do Carmo, I., & Barbosa, A. F. (2012). Psychological adjustment to diabetes mellitus: highlighting self-integration and self-regulation. Acta diabetologica49(1), 33-40.
Goldbeck, L., & Schmid, K. (2003). Effectiveness of autogenic relaxation training on children and adolescents with behavioral and emotional problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry42(9), 1046-1054.
Gredig, D., & Bartelsen‐Raemy, A. (2017). Diabetes‐related stigma affects the quality of life of people living with diabetes mellitus in S witzerland: implications for healthcare providers. Health & social care in the community25(5), 1620-1633.
Gross, J. J., & Jazaieri, H. (2014). Emotion, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: An affective science perspective. Clinical Psychological Science2(4), 387-401.
Jazaieri, H., Urry, H. L., & Gross, J. J. (2013). Affective disturbance and psychopathology: an emotion regulation perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 4, 584–599.
Kiba, T., Abe, T., Kanbara, K., Kato, F., Kawashima, S., Saka, Y., ... & Fukunaga, M. (2017). The relationship between salivary amylase and the physical and psychological changes elicited by continuation of autogenic training in patients with functional somatic syndrome. BioPsychoSocial medicine11(1), 1-11.
Labbé, É. L., & Williamson, D. A. (1984). Treatment of childhood migraine using autogenic feedback training. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology52(6), 968.
Lee, K. W. (2019). Distinguishing user’s different fingers on touch screen: method, application and user acceptance assessment. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering36(1), 1-12.
Lim, S. J., & Kim, C. (2014). Effects of autogenic training on stress response and heart rate variability in nursing students. Asian nursing research8(4), 286-292.
Mohammadi, S. Y., & Ahmadi, S. (2018). Effectiveness of progressive relaxation and emotional regulation on quality of life of heart patients. The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences22(5), 59-69.
Nanayakkara, N., Pease, A., Ranasinha, S., Wischer, N., Andrikopoulos, S., Speight, J., ... & Zoungas, S. (2018). Depression and diabetes distress in adults with type 2 diabetes: results from the Australian National Diabetes Audit (ANDA) 2016. Scientific reports8(1), 1-10.
Owens-Gary, M. D., Zhang, X., Jawanda, S., Bullard, K. M., Allweiss, P., & Smith, B. D. (2019). The importance of addressing depression and diabetes distress in adults with type 2 diabetes. Journal of general internal medicine34(2), 320-324.
Ramirez-Garcia, M. P., Leclerc-Loiselle, J., Genest, C., Lussier, R., & Dehghan, G. (2020). Effectiveness of autogenic training on psychological well-being and quality of life in adults living with chronic physical health problems: a protocol for a systematic review of RCT. Systematic reviews9, 1-8.
Rezaei, S., Ahmadi, S., Rahmati, J., Hosseinifard, H., Dehnad, A., Aryankhesal, A., ... & Raoofi, S. (2019). Global prevalence of depression in HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ supportive & palliative care9(4), 404-412.
Sadigh, M. R., & Montero, R. P. (2001). Autogenic training: a mind-body approach to the treatment of fibromyalgia and chronic pain syndrome. CRC Press.
Sakai, S., Inoue‐Sato, M., Amemiya, R., Murakami, M., Inagaki, K., & Sakairi, Y. (2020). The influence of autogenic training on the physical properties of skin and cardiac autonomic activity in postmenopausal women: an exploratory study. International Journal of Dermatology59(1), 103-109.
Seo, E., Hong, E., Choi, J., Kim, Y., Brandt, C., & Im, S. (2018). Effectiveness of autogenic training on headache: A systematic review. Complementary therapies in medicine39, 62-67. Stetter, F., & Kupper, S. (2002). Autogenic training: a meta-analysis of clinical outcome studies. Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback27(1), 45-98.
Stanton, A., & Meston, C. (2017). A single session of autogenic training increases acute subjective and physiological sexual arousal in sexually functional women. Journal of sex & marital therapy43(7), 601-617.
Takaishi, N. (2000). A comparative study of autogenic training and progressive relaxation as methods for teaching clients to relax. Sleep and Hypnosis2(3), 132-136.
Thapa, S., Pyakurel, P., Baral, D. D., & Jha, N. (2019). Health-related quality of life among people living with type 2 diabetes: a community based cross-sectional study in rural Nepal. BMC public health19(1), 1171-1180.
Trinidad, D. R., & Johnson, C. A. (2002). The association between emotional intelligence and early adolescent tobacco and alcohol use. Personality and individual differences32(1), 95-105.
Watts, S., Leydon, G., Birch, B., Prescott, P., Lai, L., Eardley, S., & Lewith, G. (2014). Depression and anxiety in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence rates. BMJ open4(3).
Wegeberg, A. M. L., Meldgaard, T., Hyldahl, S., Jakobsen, P. E., Drewes, A. M., Brock, B., & Brock, C. (2019). Quantities of comorbidities affects physical, but not mental health related quality of life in type 1 diabetes with confirmed polyneuropathy. World Journal of Diabetes10(2), 87.
Wijayanti, L., Setiawan, A. H., & Wardani, E. M. (2020). The Effect Of Autogenic Relaxation and Aroma Therapy of Sandalwood on Blood Pressure in Elderly Hipertension. Jurnal Keperawatan12(3), 413-420.
Wing, R. R., Epstein, L. H., Nowalk, M. P., & Lamparski, D. M. (1986). Behavioral self-regulation in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. Psychological Bulletin99(1), 78.