ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Review of Pathogen Identification through the Behavioral Immune System
Objective: Pathogen disgust has evolved as a psychological adaptation in response to the avoidance of disease-causing organisms. Recently, evolutionary social psychologists have proposed the existence of a behavioral immune system that has evolved to avoid pathogens as a psychological adaptation. However, researchers claim that the concept of a behavioral immune system is not the same as pathogen avoidance. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to investigate whether the behavioral immune system is the same as the pathogen avoidance system or has a broader meaning. Method: using Google Scholar database keywords such as disease avoidance, pathogen disgust, the behavioral immune system were searched. PubMed for the behavioral immune system, system over perception disease cues, and disease over perception bias was investigated. All-time periods were used for this review study and more than two hundred documents were reviewed and extracted according to the criteria.Results: The findings show that there are three main mechanisms involved in the behavioral immune system. This system includes the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral mechanisms. Therefore the results showed that the behavioral immune system has a broader meaning than the pathogen avoidance system. Conclusion: Research on physiological correlations with emotional experiences shows that disgust is evoked in response to pathogen-related stimuli and is associated with unique patterns of autonomic nervous system and neural activity. However little is known about the functional connections between anatomical structures, neurochemical processes, and various cognitive and behavioral phenomena that are the manifestations of the behavioral immune system, and more studies are needed in this area.
https://ijohp.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_8323_a992e00597961af7f7daa2010dcb5feb.pdf
2021-12-01
9
16
10.30473/ijohp.2021.55347.1130
Behavioral immune system
Avoidance
pathogen
Disgust
asie
eftekhari
asie.eftekhari@gmail.com
1
shahid beheshti university
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Effectiveness of Mindfulness on Reducing Cravings for Drugs and Stress Levels and Cortisol Levels of Men Addicted to Glass in Mashhad
Objective: Drug addiction is one of the four worldwide crises of the third millennium, at the forefront of risks and societal ills, and one of the most severe challenges confronting today's societies, particularly ours. The purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy of mindfulness on drug craving, stress, and cortisol levels in Mashhad-based males who used crystal meth.Method: Pre- and post-tests with a control group were the sort of quasi-experimental study used. The statistical population comprised all males who used crystal meth, which was sent to the Ofogh Rah-e Sabz addiction treatment clinics in Mashhad, from which 30 participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups using accessible sampling methods (15 people in each group). They answered the Holmes and Rahe stress questionnaire in addition to the Somoza et al. cravings questionnaire. And their urine was examined to determine cortisol levels. The experimental group got eight sessions of mindfulness treatment, whereas the control group received no treatment. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine the research data. Results: The findings indicated that mindfulness lowered cravings and stress while increasing cortisol levels (p<0/001).Conclusion:According to the results, mindfulness-based interventions may be utilized with medical therapy for methamphetamine addicts.
https://ijohp.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_8324_6b83b7eea59550a31816411e54dabb66.pdf
2021-12-01
17
26
10.30473/ijohp.2021.54845.1116
Mindfulness
stress
Addiction
Cortisol
Cravings
lancy
Dsouza
lancyd@gmail.com
1
Professor of Psychology maharaja’s college university of mysore
AUTHOR
mojtabga
aghili
asemanha@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Payame Noor University
LEAD_AUTHOR
zeynab
nasiri
mitra_namazi@yahoo.com
3
Master of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Golestan, Iran.
AUTHOR
arezou
asghari
azasghari@gmail.com
4
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Kosar University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effectiveness of Bioenergy Economy Intervention on Self-compassion,, Self-efficacy and Weight Loss in Women with Obesity
Objective: Obesity is one of the risk factors for various diseases as well as mortality and women suffer from it more than men. Therefore, this study was conducted to design and evaluate the effectiveness of bioenergy economy intervention on self-compassion, self-efficacy and weight loss in women with obesity.Methods: The method of the present study is a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and control groups. The statistical population of the study included obese people referring to psychological counseling centers and nutrition clinics in Tehran in the spring and summer of 2019. Fifty obese women were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The Self-compassion scales of Neff and self-efficacy questionnaires of Scherer et al. were used to collect data. The weight and body mass index of participants were also calculated. Based on instructions of the bioenergy economy protocol of the American University of Medical Energy, a special training package for obesity was designed and the intervention group was trained with this protocol in 8 sessions of 120 minutes for 8 weeks. Data analysis was performed by analysis of covariance by SPSS software version 24.Results: The results showed the effectiveness of bioenergy economy on self-compassion and self-efficacy (P<0.01).Conclusion: With this description, it can be claimed that effective interventions such as bioenergy economy can be used to increase the health and self-care of people with obesity to prevent the destructive effects of obesity and its complications.
https://ijohp.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_8325_5eed45d4700fbcbaacdd3878704df826.pdf
2021-12-01
27
46
10.30473/ijohp.2021.55204.1127
"Bioenergy Economy"
"obesity"
Self-compassion"
" Self-efficacy"
" Lose weight"
zahra
GHassemi
mehrbina@yahoo.com
1
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahram
Vahedi
vahedi117@yahoo.com
2
Department of education, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyed Mahmoud
Tabatabaei
smt@iaut.ac.ir
3
Department of Physiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Marizyeh
Alivandi vafa
dr.vafa.a@gmail.com
4
Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Standardization of the Persian Version of the Treatment Entry Questionnaire for Students with Internet Addiction
Introduction: One of the basic human needs that plays a vital role in sustainable development is mental health. In the digital age, Internet addiction is a threat to mental health. So this study aimed at validating the treatment entry questionnaire for Tehran University students in 2019. Method: Participants were 324 undergraduate and postgraduate students of state universities in Tehran, who were selected through one-step cluster random sampling. All participants completed the Urbanoski and Wild’s (2012) Treatment Entry Questionnaire, the Miler and Tonigan (1996) Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale, and the Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire.Results: Data were analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis model. Confirmatory factor analysis of the data showed that the three-factor structure of the identified, intrinsic, and extrinsic treatment motivation has a good fit, and the validity of the scale was confirmed by face and content validity. Convergent validity evidence confirmed the positive relationship between identified, intrinsic, and extrinsic treatment motivation with subscales of recognition, taking the step, and ambivalence of the Readiness for Change and Treatment Motivation scale. Cronbach's alpha test was used to assess the reliability of the whole scale (0.95) and each subscale of identified motivation (0.94), intrinsic motivation (0.89), and extrinsic motivation (0.86). Conclusion: The results showed that the Persian version of the treatment entry scale for the student population has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool in psychological research.
https://ijohp.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_8326_fb8fd5fdafd7df96f605ca0d8105fa24.pdf
2021-12-01
47
58
10.30473/ijohp.2021.54946.1121
Mental Health
Internet Addiction
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
validation
therapy
Treatment Entry Questionnaire
fatemeh
Alavi asil
f.alaviasil@gmail.com
1
PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen Branch, Roodehen, Iran
AUTHOR
khadije
Abolmaali alhoseyni
abolmaalialhoseyni@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Simin
Bashar doust
s.bashardost@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Exploring the Problems and Challenges of HIV-Infected Women: a qualitative study
Objective: Although HIV-infected women in Iran face many problems, researches in this area are limited. This research aims to understand and deeply comprehend the issues and challenges of HIV-infected women. Method: Qualitative content analysis was used in this study and participants in the research of HIV-infected women were using three supportive health centers in Tehran. 17 participants were selected through purposive sampling method. The data collection technique is a semi-structured in-depth interview. Thematic data were coded and interpreted using thematic analysis.Results: 6 categories of interview analysis were: "social exclusion", "job problems", "social phobia caused by stigma", "mental problems", "treatment problems" and “coping mechanisms”. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that HIV-infected women face many challenges in the individual and social field for the social reunion and to reduce their problems, besides individual empowerment, structural and social interventions are also essential. The results of this study can be used in the field of policy-making, the presentation of supportive programs, social services for HIV-infected women and their families.
https://ijohp.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_8328_fb573530dfa4e66537913eec7e85064d.pdf
2021-12-01
59
66
10.30473/ijohp.2021.56659.1154
HIV
women. challenges
stigma
Mansour
Fathi
fathi.mansour@gmail.com
1
Associate Professor of social work, Department of social work, Faculty of social sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Abbasi
m.abbasi7171@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of social sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Khakrangin
mary.rangin@gmail.com
3
Department of social work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Mindfulness and Rumination in Women with HIV
Objective: Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience negative emotions. Considering the importance of these emotions and their significant impact on mental health of women with HIV, and also considering the gap of information in this regard, this study aimed to assess the effect of compassion-focused therapy on mindfulness and rumination in women with HIV. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test phases, and a control group. Sixty women with HIV were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received nine 90-min sessions of compassion-focused therapy, held once a week. The instruments used included the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ). The questionnaires were filled-out by patients in both the experimental and control groups in two stages before and after the intervention.Results: According to the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), compassion-focused therapy significantly increased the mindfulness dimensions (observing, non-judging, non-reactivity to inner experience) in the experimental group, compared with the control group at post-test (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of rumination-reflection.Conclusion: It appears that compassion-focused therapy would be effective in increasing the mindfulness dimensions in women with HIV.
https://ijohp.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_8329_d8197d4b700f4b5dc21cdb8904f468e1.pdf
2021-12-01
67
76
10.30473/ijohp.2021.54275.1110
: compassion-focused therapy
Mindfulness
rumination
human immunodeficiency virus
Farzane
Hajizadeh
farzane.hajizadeh@yahoo.com
1
Depatment of Psychology, Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
farnaz
keshavarzi Arshadi
far.keshavarzi@gmail.com
2
Depatment of Psychology, Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
fariba
Hassani.
hassani.fariba@gmail.com
3
Depatment of Psychology, Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
mitra
safa
mitra.safa@yahoo.com
4
Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Psychological well-being model based on post-traumatic growth components in cancer patients
Objective: Researchers have considered the components of positive psychology as predictors of psychological well-being. This study aimed to investigate the psychological well-being model based on rumination and meaning of life in cancer patients: with the mediating role of post-traumatic growth and resilience.Method: The present study was conducted by correlation method and structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all the cancer patients referred to hospitals in Tehran in 2020, among whom 300 individuals (218 women and 82 men) were selected by purposive sampling. Participants received psychological well-being questionnaires, rumination-reflection, meaning of life, post-traumatic growth, and resilience. Results: Findings demonstrated that this model has a good fit in cancer patients, and the relationship between mediating variables with endogenous and exogenous variables was significant (df2 =2.14, GFI=0.92, and CFI= 0.93 and RMSEA =0.05, P=0.01). The variables studied by the model explained 51% of the psychological well-being variance in these patients. Conclusion: The Psychological well-being of cancer patients is affected by variables related to positive psychology such as the meaning of life, post-traumatic growth, and resilience. Rumination , if leading to meaning making and post-traumatic growth, can have potentially positive effects on psychological well-being.
https://ijohp.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_9000_f92e8b09ea24bb3ae445dc47b6ad9ce4.pdf
2021-12-01
90
77
10.30473/ijohp.2022.59695.1196
psychological well-being
Meaning of life
post-traumatic growth
Resilience
Elmira
Majedi
elmira.majedi@gmail.com
1
Department of Health Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University
AUTHOR
Mahdieh
Salehi
iranpour1000@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
amin
rafiepoor
rafiepoor@pnu.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Afsaneh
Ghnbaripanah
af_ghanbary@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR