Psychological and social aspects of disease prevention
Majid Mahmood alilou; Khalil Esmaelpour; Abbas Bakhshipour; Fariba Pourjabbar Akhuni
Abstract
Objective: The present study, a descriptive-cross-sectional design using structural equation modeling, aimed to determine the structural relationships between coping strategies and somatoform symptoms, with the mediating role of emotional dysregulation among individuals with somatoform disorders in Tehran.Method: ...
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Objective: The present study, a descriptive-cross-sectional design using structural equation modeling, aimed to determine the structural relationships between coping strategies and somatoform symptoms, with the mediating role of emotional dysregulation among individuals with somatoform disorders in Tehran.Method: The statistical population consisted of all individuals with somatoform disorders referred to the psychosomatic departments of Tehran's hospitals. Following the recommendations of Guadagnoli and Velicer (1998), a sample of 250 patients (149 women and 101 men), who met the inclusion criteria, was recruited via purposeful sampling. Data were collected using the Lazarus and Folkman (1984) Coping Strategies Questionnaire, the Gratz and Roemer (2004) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Rief and Hiller (2003) Somatoform Disorders Questionnaire. After confirmatory analysis, the proposed model was evaluated through structural equation modeling and path analysis.Results: The findings showed that the developed model has a good fit. The mediating variable, emotional dysregulation, was found to be a positive and significant predictor of somatoform symptoms (p < .001). Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies can respectively decrease and increase somatoform symptoms by reducing and increasing emotional dysregulation.Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that somatoform symptoms are affected by coping strategies and emotional dysregulation. Therefore, reducing the somatoform symptoms of people with this disorder requires serious attention to adopting appropriate, problem-focused coping strategies and correcting emotional dysregulation.
Psychological and social aspects of disease prevention
zahra Bahrami; Parvaneh ghodsi; Fariba Hassani
Abstract
Objective: One kind of violence and social injury that harms the victim and the family's physical and mental well-being is domestic violence. Years after the violence has stopped, its repercussions may still be felt. The purpose of this research was to examine the structural model of childhood emotional ...
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Objective: One kind of violence and social injury that harms the victim and the family's physical and mental well-being is domestic violence. Years after the violence has stopped, its repercussions may still be felt. The purpose of this research was to examine the structural model of childhood emotional abuse on psychological distress with the mediation of executive functions in women victims of domestic violence.Method: This study was a descriptive-correlational study conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population included 650 women referred to Social Emergency Welfare Centers (123) in Tehran in 2023 (1402 in the Iranian calendar). Participants were selected purposively based on predefined criteria. Data were collected using the Childhood Emotional Abuse Questionnaire, Executive Function Questionnaire, Short Form Domestic Violence Screening Scale, and Psychological Distress Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SEM and model fit indices in AMOS software.Results: The model fit indices for the causal model of psychological distress based on childhood emotional abuse, mediated by executive functions in women with domestic violence experiences, were greater than 0.90—indicating acceptable and desirable values. The findings show that the direct, indirect, and total effects in the model of executive functions in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and psychological distress were significant at the 0.05 level.Conclusion: The findings indicate that childhood emotional abuse significantly contributes to psychological distress in women who have experienced domestic violence, with executive functions mediating this relationship. These results highlight the importance of interventions targeting executive functioning to mitigate the enduring psychological effects of early emotional maltreatment in this population.
Psychological and social aspects of disease prevention
Mahdi Rahmani; mohsen jalali; elnaz pourahmadi; Abdolsamad Nikan
Abstract
Objective: Patients with Ménière's often experience multiple psychological problems and are not satisfied with the results of medication therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on anxiety, lifestyle, and experiential avoidance in patients ...
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Objective: Patients with Ménière's often experience multiple psychological problems and are not satisfied with the results of medication therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on anxiety, lifestyle, and experiential avoidance in patients with Ménière's disease. Method: The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up approach. The statistical population comprised all patients diagnosed with Ménière's disease who sought treatment at the specialized ear clinic affiliated with Mashhad Medical Sciences Hospital between January and March 2023. From this population, 30 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected using an oriented sampling method. Participants were randomly assigned to a CBT intervention group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Data collected at three time points—pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 30 days after the intervention—using the Smith Lifestyle Questionnaire, Bond Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire, and the Anxiety subscale of the DASS-21. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.Results: The results indicated a significant reduction in anxiety levels in the CBT group compared to the control group in both the post-test and follow-up assessments (P < 0.05). Additionally, a significant improvement was observed in lifestyle scores in the CBT group relative to the control group (P < 0.05). The difference in experiential avoidance between the two groups was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing anxiety and experiential avoidance while improving lifestyle in patients with Ménière's disease. These results underscore the potential of CBT as an adjunctive treatment in managing the psychological and lifestyle-related challenges associated with Ménière's disease.
Psychological and social aspects of disease prevention
Mohammad Hadi Yadollahpour; Danial Masoudi; Angela Hamidia; ُSoraya Khafri; Neda Ahangari; Mahbobeh Faramarzi
Abstract
Objective: Psychological defense mechanisms reflect how individuals cope with conflicts and stress. This study aimed to describe defense mechanisms in medical interns and their correlation with spiritual health.
Method: This cross-sectional study, characterized by its descriptive nature, was carried ...
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Objective: Psychological defense mechanisms reflect how individuals cope with conflicts and stress. This study aimed to describe defense mechanisms in medical interns and their correlation with spiritual health.
Method: This cross-sectional study, characterized by its descriptive nature, was carried out among medical students during the 2019-2020 academic year. The participants were 168 medical interns who met the established study criteria and completed two questionnaires: The Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (DSQ-40), devised by Andrews et al. (1993), and the Spiritual Health Questionnaire by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982). Data analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS version 25, employing Pearson correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA for statistical evaluation.
Results: The mean score of mature defense mechanisms (43.31±16.83) among medical interns was higher than immature (98.52±52.8) and neurotic (36.75±18.3) defense mechanisms. The immature defense mechanism was significantly higher in males than in females (99.43±23.41 vs 108.47±23.21, p=0.014). Also, the mean score of immature defense mechanisms in single individuals was considerably higher than in married ones (106.66±24.02 vs 93.12±19.56, p=0.001). The spiritual health of interns had a significant and direct correlation (r=0.249) with mature defense mechanisms and a significant negative correlation (r=-0.336) with immature defense mechanisms.
Conclusion: Higher spiritual health in medical interns is associated with greater use of mature defense mechanisms and lesser use of immature defense mechanisms.
