Psychological aspects in health and diseases
mahnaz moghanloo
Abstract
Objective: Important factors such as personality type, coping styles, and psychological capital have an effect on the resilience of women with breast cancer. The purpose of the study is to investigate the structural relationship of these factors with each other. Method: The subjects of this study included ...
Read More
Objective: Important factors such as personality type, coping styles, and psychological capital have an effect on the resilience of women with breast cancer. The purpose of the study is to investigate the structural relationship of these factors with each other. Method: The subjects of this study included 231 women (20-55 years old) diagnosed with breast cancer who were treated in the breast cancer department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran from 2022-2023. The formula proposed by Tebachnik and Fidel (2007) was used to estimate the sample size. Psychological resilience (Connor and Davidson, 2003), NEO-PI personality questionnaire (Costa and McCree, 1992), and Coping strategies questionnaire (Endler and Parker, 1990) were used to measure research variables.Results: The results of structural analysis showed that five personality factors directly explain 0.447 of changes in resilience. Based on the coefficients of 0.974 and 0.207, five indirect personality factors and coping strategies have a 0.21 effect on resilience, and based on the coefficients of 0.914 and 0.365, five indirect personality factors and Psychological capital have a 0.33 effect on resilience. Therefore, five personality factors can lead to an increase in resilience through coping strategies and psychological capital. In addition, the path coefficients about the two-way relationship of the variables showed that 44% of changes in resilience were influenced by personality, 97% of changes in coping strategies were influenced by personality, 91% of changes in psychological capital were influenced by personality, and 20% of changes in resilience were influenced by personality. The effect of coping strategies and 36% of resilience changes was influenced by psychological capital. Conclusion: One of the determining factors of resilience in a chronic disease such as breast cancer is the role of personality traits, which is influenced by positive psychological variables such as coping strategies and psychological capital of the patient
Samaneh Otadi; Fariborz Bagheri; Hadi Hashemi razini; Payam Varaee
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of reality therapy on improving psychological capital and sense of cohesion among Iranian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.
Method: This study was performed in Tehran in 2021. Sampling was employed to select 36 participants who completed the Psychological ...
Read More
Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of reality therapy on improving psychological capital and sense of cohesion among Iranian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.
Method: This study was performed in Tehran in 2021. Sampling was employed to select 36 participants who completed the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Sense of Cohesion Scale in the pretest, posttest, and onemonth follow-up stages. The participants of the experimental group underwent eight weekly 90-minute sessions to receive the online reality therapy; However, the control group received no intervention.
Results: Data analysis showed a significant difference in psychological capital and sense of cohesion in the experimental group compared to the control group (P< 0/05). There was a significant difference in three subscales of psychological capital (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, and hope) and two subscales of the sense of cohesion (i.e., perceptibility and controllability) in Patients with MS in the experimental group (P <0.05), but no significant difference in optimism (a subscale of the psychological capital) and significance (a subscale of sense of cohesion) (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: Due to the effects of reality therapy on patients with multiple sclerosis, this psychological therapy can be employed to improve the psychological capital and sense of cohesion.
Houshang Garavand
Abstract
Objective: The Coronavirus not only affects physical health but also the outbreak of this virus can have devastating psychological effects. To treat and diagnose, these impacts should be identified. This study investigatied the mediating role of empathy in the relationship between self-compassion and ...
Read More
Objective: The Coronavirus not only affects physical health but also the outbreak of this virus can have devastating psychological effects. To treat and diagnose, these impacts should be identified. This study investigatied the mediating role of empathy in the relationship between self-compassion and psychological capital with corona anxiety.
Method: The research method was correlational with path analysis. The population of this study included all undergraduate students of Poldokhtar Higher Education Center (450 students) who were studying in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample of the study consisted of 210 male students who answered the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS; Alipour & et al., 2020), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ; Luthans et al., 2007), and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1983) electronically. Casual modeling was used to analyze data.
Results: The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit with the data of this study (RMSEA = 0.001, GFI = 1.00, AGFI = 0.98, CFI = 1.00). The results showed that the psychological capital had a direct effect on corona anxiety (β = -0.16, p<0.05), but self-compassion did not have a positive effect on corona anxiety (p>0.05). Self-compassion had a positive effect on empathy (β = 0.32, p<0/01); but psychological capital did not affect empathy (p>0/05) directly. Also, empathy positively affected corona anxiety (β = -0.29, p<0/01). Indirect pathway results showed that only self-compassion mediated by empathy could reduce corona anxiety (p<0/01).
Conclusions: According to the results, students with higher psychological capital and empathy experience less corona anxiety, and on the other hand, the more self-compassion increases, the more empathy improves, which results in a decrease in corona anxiety. Therefore, through education and promotion of self-compassion, empathy can be increased and the severity of corona anxiety in students can be reduced.
